OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open access peer-reviewed journal
Employment Growth Analysis In Indian Manufacturing Sector
Manju Bai a, Poonam Jakhar b, Daya Chand Vashist c
a,b,c Department of Economics, Central University, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 12-24, 2013.
Abstract: India’s manufacturing segment is a crucial cog in the wheel of economic progress; the sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) being 16 per cent. With the passage of time post 1990-economic liberalisation era, India has well realised the importance of manufacturing for the overall industrial development. In this wake, the Government has also been very pro-active, especially during the last decade. This paper has described many variables that determine the relation of organised manufacturing output and employment growth rate like labour productivity, emoluments of employees, employees- worker, non-worker and wage rates for time period 2000-01 to 2009-10. This is shown by simple percentage, coefficient of variation, compound growth rate and simple regression analysis. Through these statistical tools the output growth rates vary between a minimum of 4.02 per cent per annum in Kerala and a maximum of about 40 per cent per annum in Jammu &Kashmir. The overall growth rate of manufacturing sector output is about 12.92 per cent per annum. The growth rates of employees in the manufacturing differ from a minimum of about -12.26 per cent per annum in Andaman & N. Island to a maximum of 24.36 per cent per annum in Uttaranchal. The growth rates of workers and non-workers follow the same pattern across the states or not, we have computed the growth rates of workers and non-workers in the manufacturing sector of different states. It can be seen from the table that the growth rates of workers are higher as compared to that of total employees in all the states expect in Chandigarh (2.87 percent), Jharkhand (-1.31 percent), Madhya Pradesh (2.4 percent), Andhra Pradesh (2.26 percent), Karnataka (6.98 percent and Tamil Nadu (6.73 percent) where the growth rates are less than the growth rates of total employees and that of non-workers. This difference between output and employment shares indicates a continuity of lower labour intensity over time in the manufacturing sector. Similarly is the case in Gujarat where the shares of output (12.89 percent) and employment (9.42 percent) increased to (13.86 percent) and (9.83 percent) in 2000-01 and 2009-10 respectively. The study shows that inter-state variations in the shares of emoluments to employees range from a minimum of 0.13 percent in Tripura followed by Himachal Pradesh with 0.14 percent to a maximum of 0.82 percent in Andaman & N Island followed by West Bengal with 0.54 percent in manufacturing gross value added. In case of total employees, the growth rate of productivity is negatively and significantly related to the levels of productivity. The coefficient of productivity level is negative and significantly different from zero at 5.5 percent level of significance using one tailed test.
Keywords: Compound growth rate; Labour productivity; Organised manufacturing industry; Regression analysis.
The Challenges of Cities Today for Future City Life through Sustainable Development
Swaroopa Rani N. Gupta
Department of Chemistry, Brijlal Biyani Science College Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 24-38, 2013.
Abstract: Future city life: Cities are the core of global development. The need to improve quality of life, economic competitiveness and environmental viability will drive a new way of living. In the future, high-rise buildings will be like small towns, with homes, shops, workshops – even gardens and farms – all under one roof. The spaces around us will be flexible, changing to match our needs. Instead of owning things, we will pay to use a space or an item, then give it back, hand it off, or recycle after use. In the future, buildings will be self-sufficient, producing a surplus of energy, recycling their own waste, minimizing water usage, collecting rainwater, and reusing and recycling gray water. Buildings will also be fully automated and intelligent, with thousands of sensors making sure that lights are switched on or off, and that rooms are optimally heated only when they are occupied. Sensors throughout the city will provide essential information to keep it running efficiently and to keep people safe. The city will become a living organism, seeing, hearing and thinking. It will be intelligent and responsive. Real-time information will flow into the city control center, where it will be integrated and visualized. Journeys across the city will take people and packages from one mode of transport to another – via mega hubs. When we set out to meet friends, a navigation assistant will plan our route.
Challenges of the cities today: The megatrend of urbanization will dramatically shape not only cities, but the entire world. Urbanization has created a pressing need for infrastructure investment, regardless of budget limitations and austerity programs. Cities must have functioning traffic systems, intelligent logistics, efficient energy supplies, and environmentally compatible buildings. Urbanization has radically changed the dynamics of urban-based manufacturing. Over the last 50 years, employment in cities has stabilized around a diverse and vital mix of businesses, from traditional forms of fabrication to technology-oriented activities. The most competitive cities will be the ones that anticipate the challenges of growth and balance these three fundamental goals: economic competitiveness, quality of life, and environmental protection.
Sustainable mobility: Sustainable mobility is key for cost-effective and environmentally friendly urban development. People and goods must be transported within and between cities, so traffic patterns must be adapted accordingly. By relying on renewable energy, electro mobility will significantly reduce environmental impact. New technologies will reduce harmful local emissions and reduce the CO2 footprints of individual vehicles.
Efficient Buildings: Today we face rising power consumption, higher energy prices, and resource shortages. Yet demand for networked smart buildings is growing. Energy consumption in efficient buildings can be reduced by up to 50% by using intelligent and energy efficient technologies.
Safety and security: While considering the location of an urban development project, long-term security is among the most important site characteristics. Local civic authorities must be able to meet a variety of security challenges. Places like airports, harbors, railway stations, tunnels, stadiums and other public venues are particularly important to protect. High-traffic areas must be closely monitored. Advanced technologies protect cities, buildings, campuses, and critical infrastructure. Access control systems ensure that only authorized individuals can enter a facility. Evacuation systems help save lives by combining crowd flow simulations with voice alarms and emergency communications. Video surveillance systems monitor sensitive areas in real time.
Power grids: Cities often face challenges such as integrating renewable and distributed generation, limited capacities, aging infrastructures and reducing costs and emissions while using a reliable power supply. Smart Grid technologies shift energy management away from a centralized, reactive and producer-controlled network to a decentralized, proactive and demand-controlled grid. It incorporates two-way communication for digital sensing and automated analytics across the energy conversion chain, from power generation to consumption. This turns our power grid into a demand-controlled tool, enabling us to generate and deliver power efficiently. Smart Grid enterprise IT platform, industry knowledge, and deep understanding of the energy conversion chain enables us to customize our solutions to the specific needs of utility companies.
Water and waste water: Supplying the world’s population with clean, potable water is one of the greatest challenges facing us. The requirements for urban water management are growing – today and into the future, our water supply networks must be more efficiently operated and intelligently controlled. Existing capacities must be used as effectively as possible in order to minimize operating costs. Simulations of various operating states enable the risk-free testing and optimization of plant operation.
Efficient energy: Power is indispensable when developing a sustainable energy system. Electricity offers numerous ways to integrate renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There are four major challenges to managing power supplies effectively: economic efficiency, climate change, reliable power, and resource efficiency. In addition, power generated from renewable energies is increasing. The sustainable energy system of the future will depend on electrification and the ability to feed fluctuating renewables into the power grid.
Healthcare Demographic change is one of the greatest challenges of our age. Not only is the world’s population growing rapidly, but life expectancy is also significantly longer. Municipalities today need to invest in healthcare, not only for ethical and compassionate reasons, but also to remain competitive in ways that are environmentally and economically sound. By implementing customized solutions, healthcare providers save energy and reduce their emissions. These factors not only improve time and cost management, but also increase the quality of patient care.
Keywords: Sustainable mobility, Efficient Buildings, Safety and security, Power grids, Water and wastewater, Efficient energy, Healthcare
Slum Redevelopment by Linking Social Conditions with Spatial Fabric through Morphological Study
Dinesh Singh a, Preeti Singh b, Krishna Kumar Dhote c
a, b, c Department of Architecture and Planning, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 38-47, 2013.
Abstract: Cities represent the social cultural economic development. For the sustainable urban development physical, economical, social, cultural, and environment plays equally important role. The current planning process focus more on land use, infrastructure and transportation network, the development is mechanical with less regards for the rich layers of our cities which needs to be excavaled downwards, into its earlier past, horizontally to be able to fold and integrated the complex. (Hall, 1988) Histories, texture and memories of our urban environments and their populations into the planning process. In case of developing nation where almost overall of urban population lives in slums and squatter settlements the social factor become impatient. In India slums, where is equal to be the largest in the 2030, the present urban population 37.7 % of total population and out of urban population, 7.75 % is the slum population. (NUHM, 2008-2012) Urban poverty and slums were always on the policy radar of India but still the problem related to the slums shall persist.
The city fabric reflects the social-cultural conditions. The slums are seen as grey patches in the city fabric, one big challenge before urban professionals is to upgrade this ugly patch with rest of the city. The present paper examines the reflection of socio economic conditions, particularly the pockets housing urban poor on spatial fabric through study of morphology of slums. It further attempts to understand how the social development can be made more sustainable by changes the morphology of slums. This exercise find the relevance as large scale development interchange as policy place keep in slum in mind. This effort wills help planners to work at micro level i.e. at neighborhood level.
Keywords: morphology; redevelopment; slum; social sustainability
Starving India: Food Security Vis-À-Vis Right to Food in Indian Context
Parvathi Menon a, Divya Dixit b
a, b Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 48-59, 2013.
Abstract: Hunger and malnutrition are the twin problems that plague the world at large and continue to be a blemish on the graph of development. Though many countries have pledged their allegiance to the task of eradicating hunger, so far it has proved to be a utopian dream. Even though food is the most basic requirement for survival, it still seems to be a luxury which millions barely have access to. The only way that hunger can become a thing of the past is to make food security a reality, and to respect every individual’s right to adequate food and ensuring that no one is denied the same. Right to food and Food Security is the need of the hour. The law of our land, that is the Constitution of India, has paid tribute to the Right to Food by giving it the status of a fundamental right and encompassing it within the purview of Right to Life guaranteed under Article 21.
This paper begins with explaining as to what constitutes hunger and malnutrition and showcases the grim scenario prevailing all over the world by depicting estimates provided by the FAO. It then goes on to delineate the concept of food security and exhibits how food insecurity is rampant in every nook and corner of India. Despite being touted as one of the fastest growing economies in the world, India is still lagging behind most of the other developing countries in the radar of the Global Hunger Index. An attempt has been made to explain the concept of right to food and the difference between the right to food and food security has been brought about. The paper then traverses through various international conventions, declarations and summits which endorse the Right to Food and enunciates the importance of incorporating the same by the countries in their national legislations. The various constitutional provisions safeguarding the right to food have been highlighted in the next segment followed by the positive role played by the judiciary in taking this right to the next level. The Supreme Court has done some commendable work in this regard and the PUCL case is one such example which has been dealt with in detail by the paper. The next part of the paper exhaustively deals with the various schemes enacted by the government to further this right to ensure that the under-privileged sections of the society can exploit its full potential. Furthermore, these governmental schemes have been critically analyzed to weigh their pros and cons and it has been observed that there is still a long way to go which is not an easy taskmaster owing to the rampant corruption. Towards the end, the authors have tried to give suggestions which might come in handy in curbing the menace of hunger and starvation in India. This paper has been prepared through theoretical methodological approach wherein various journals, books and newspapers have been referred to.
Keywords: Food Security; Hunger; Malnutrition; Right to Food, People’s Union for Civil Liberties
Rural to Urban Migration in Search of Sustainable Development and Inclusive Growth: Pros and Consequences
Shanta Bheemmappa Astige a, Ashwini Jane b
a Department of Sociology, Government First Grade College, Kamlapur, Dist. Gulbarga, India.
b Department of Sociology, Tumkur University, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 60-65, 2013.
Abstract: Increase in rural to urban migration flows in recent decades has been an important element of economic integration at both the global and regional levels, notably in India. The global financial crisis has put a temporary halt to this trend and even in India also global crisis impact was there tremendously. This paper looks at the susceptibility of rural to urban migration India and response of such regimes towards sustainable inclusive growth. Further the paper highlights with the pros and cons of rural to urban migration in terms of social development, economic development and human development index pattern in rural India. In this backdrop the paper also deals with the Rural to urban migration which usually leads to a loss of necessary man power to work on the farm lands. It also leads to congestion in the urban centres, thus a high unemployment level, poor housing situations and an increase in crime levels. On the other hand, increased man power in urban centres provides cheap labour to the industries in these areas. Finally in conclusion the India’s inclusive growth policies in the country while transformations of this kind are most evident among long-term absentees (and their families), similar processes are beginning to emerge among non-migrant resident families that are adopting attitudes and lifestyle choices that take them away from traditional occupations and potentially lessen overall interest in community ideals.
Keywords: Migration, Inclusion, Consequences, Rural Development, Human Resources
International Obligations towards Gender Justice: Judicial Gavels for Indian Dilemmas
Madhuri Sharma
UILS, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 66-74, 2013.
Abstract: Equipped with time tested scriptural guidelines and constitutional provisions, India has abundant strength to deal with the issues of gender justice. That is why India is always on the forefront to be a part of international movement to convert the fragile myth of gender justice into a palpable reality. Well in keeping with the spirit of our constitutional provisions as enshrined in the Preamble, Article 14, Article 15(1), Article 15(3) and Article 21 , India has committed itself to almost all international obligations by acceeding to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, International Coveneant of Civil and Political Rights 1966, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966, Beijing Principles of Independence of the Judiciary, 1995, International Convention on Political Rights of Women 1954, the Declaration of Elimination of Violence against Women 1993 and Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
But the real and practical challenges come from archaic customs, superstitions, illiteracy, patriarchal social ethos, cultural pluralism, compulsions of caste, creed or religion, the traditional domestic roles in the four walls of the house and coalitional compulsions of present day politics. As and when attempts are made to overcome these challenges, pressures of deep seated cultural traditions and pulls of our international obligations appear to clash with each other throwing us in the domain of dilemmas. Therefore, at times, India has to take many steps backward while acceding, ratifying or cosponsoring international conventions or protocols. For instance, in October 2013, India refused to co-sponsor the first ever Global Resolution for Elimination and Prevention of Child, Forced and Early Marriages at the United Nations General Assembly despite, the fact that India has passed Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006. Perhaps, this refusal has been made in the view of the pressure of Khap Panchayats and Muslim organizations which use child marriage as a preventive step towards rape or oppose the law banning the child marriage on grounds of Personal Law.
Not with standing such dilemmas, the silver linings come from gavels of judicial pronouncements aiming at sustainable, social and human development through gender justice. Some of the pronouncements date back to pre- independence era of the custom ridden society, when gender justice laws were virtually non existent. Our enlightened Judiciary granted coparcenary rights to Devdasis as early as in 1864 (Chalakonda Alasani vs. Chalakonda Ratnachalam, 1864), upheld the dignity of a dancing girl by granting legitimacy to her son (Ramnath Zamindar and Anr vs. Doraiswami,1882), divested Indian husbands from their traditionally self proclaimed right of wife beating in 1936 (Emperor vs. Subbaiah Goundan, 1936), ruled that the prosecutrix in rape case cannot be treated as if she were an accomplice so far as her credibility is concerned (re Boya Chinnappa), reiterated the modesty of a prostitute upholding her entitlement to equal protection (re Ratnamala and Another, 1962), upheld pre- nuptial settlement claims of a woman (Srinivasa Padayachi v. Parvathiammal, 1969), declared uninterrupted maintenance to wife and children a statuary obligation in the face of personal law, (Amanullah vs Pedikkaru Mariam Beevi, 1985) scrapped the law as asking a woman to produce no objection certificate from her husband for getting a job, as being obnoxious and arbitrary, (Rukmani vs. The Divisional Manager, Marapalam Tea Division) and upheld a girl’s right over her body without being trapped by extraneous questions, (V. Krishnan vs G. Rajan @ Madipu) and so on. Similarly our Judiciary has thrown open a lot many gender justice opportunities through their rulings in cases like . Vasantha R. vs. Union of India and Ors,2000 , Vishaka and Others Vs. State of Rajasthan and Others and The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 and invocation of various clauses from international law.
Of late, our judiciary taken big leaps towards development of human rights jurisprudence by harmonizing Fundamental rights with directive principles as enshrined in our Constitution. The most seminal and path breaking Judicial contribution towards social and human development is seen, felt and realized through innovative expansion of the role of judiciary through the instruments of public interest litigation, epistolary jurisdiction and alternative dispute resolution through Lok Adalats. Coupled with legal literacy campaigns, these instruments have converted the adversarial Court procedure into collaborative one and knocked down the barriers of locus standi doctrine through services of amicus curiae etc. It is through these innovative gavels that India looks forward to meet its international commitments and obligations towards gender justice.
Keywords: Constitutional Provisions; Gender Justice; Human Rights; Jurisprudence; International Conventions; Judicial Gavels.
Case Studies on Constraints & Prospects in Sustainable Tourism
Sukla Basu
West Bengal State University, Barasat, India
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 76-84, 2013.
Abstract: Interventions through international, national & regional conferences; providing frameworks; formulating policies, implementing, monitoring & evaluating them; consequently giving recommendations is a step towards sustainable development. Adopting principles, laying down goals and strategies, enforcing them, ever since the ‘call for one earth’: is a constructive approach. However, coming down to the grass root level, how far has IT enabled awareness, justified mass participation through decision making and voicing their opinions? Is governance mechanism truly bringing about transparency with respect to tourism? How far applicable has been the global- national- local scale? Can tourism enhance the livelihood opportunities of the marginalized? Well a humble attempt has been made through intensive case studies across the state- nation- transnational boundaries to look into these queries. The geographical approaches in tourism development and the new trends in tourism have been focussed upon in the regional (Eastern India) & national (India) context. A comparative picture on the techniques adopted in the management of resources in the coastal environments of India & Thailand has been stressed upon. This has been done keeping in mind the cultural differences, the vulnerability, the tourism potential of the respective areas, the sharing of responsibilities, the risks undertaken and the rewards gained between the public and private sectors. Tourism is a multi- sectoral activity and focussing on all the varied aspects is beyond the scope of this paper. The findings are based on secondary data accessed and primary data analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively after selecting the potential stakeholders. The coastal environments of India and Thailand have been considered in this paper due to some similar natural phenomena: be it subjecting to cyclones or the limestone caves. The comparative analysis of the two countries reveals that there is scope for further development in accordance with the sustainable development principles. India needs to develop her resources to the fullest keeping in mind her huge human resource potential and has to raise her earnings through tourism considering her varied natural and socio- cultural aspects. Poverty which is the main barrier (rich-poor gap),the urban-rural divide, corruption and constraints in infra structural development and many other related issues require more stringent measures . This is possible through sincere PPP co-ordination, active people’s participation, adopting stricter environmental code of conduct by all: tourists (guests) and the joy givers (hosts).Thailand has a significant amount of its GDP contributed by its tourism sector; the infra structural development is much better. However more active people’s participation is required as expressed by some of the respondents.
Keywords: Transitional boundaries, Sustainable tourism, coastal environment, human resources
Food Security, Policies, and Human Development: the Experience of India
Ashwini Bhimsha Jane a, Shanta Bheemmappa Astige
a Department of Sociology, Tumkur University, India.
b Department of Sociology, Government First Grade College, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 86-93, 2013.
Abstract: This paper notes the substantive achievements made over the last 60 years in food security in India, but points out areas of continuing concern, including high rates of under-nutrition, especially among women and children, and especially in rural areas. The main planks of government food security policy comprise increased agricultural production, the holding of buffer stocks, subsidized food prices for sub-sets of the population, and the incorporation of food and other provisions into ‘transfer’ schemes of various kinds, including Food for Work-type schemes. In Indian policy circles, the international market is not seen as a means of ensuring food security, except as a last resort. All of the food-based provisions are costly, the performance of almost all is weak, and the champions of liberalization have been pressing for their removal. However, government perceives substantial political cost in reducing or removing such schemes, so that the more realistic quest is for a switch of resources among different types of scheme, towards those offering better prospects for food security. This paper recommends a transfer of resources from predominant ‘supply side’ towards ‘demand side’ strategies of this kind. This will interface squarely with production-focused policies by strengthening demand in local markets, many of which are outside mainstream marketing channels. Food-based schemes will have to continue so long as surplus stocks persist.
Keywords: Food Security, Food policies, Health, Public Distribution System (PDS)
Biodiversity: Planning for Sustainable Development
Geetika Walia
Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 94-100, 2013.
Abstract: Biodiversity may be a catchphrase, but as a concept it sits at the heart of the ecological and legal research and especially when concepts like sustainable development are gaining pace. Since the earth, and everything on or in it, is limited, the economic formulas developed over the past few hundred years to keep track of the values involved in human transaction cannot make it any larger, nor give us any more of the productive systems and commodities on which we depend. Biodiversity represents not only the organisms living in an area and the ecological processes necessary for their maintenance, but includes the interaction between these components which can be translated in the capacity of the ecosystem to support a number of living organisms. The preservation of biodiversity can be accomplished only as a part of an overall strategy to promote global stability. Contrary to the wishful thinking embodied in some cornucopian scenarios, the earth and its systems can either be used in such a way as to provide a sustainable context for our operations, or we shall destroy them. We are currently losing our biodiversity on which we depend.
Human activity cannot be divorced from biodiversity. Growing population and modernization have brought about change in the ecology and biodiversity. In particular, the following factors have contributed to the degradation of natural ecosystems and loss of biodiversity: deforestation, human encroachments, excessive grazing, man- animal conflicts, forest- fire, illegal logging, cash cropping and plantation, excessive grazing, developmental activities etc. the need of the hour being mitigating these adverse factors, and to prepare a comprehensive plan for biodiversity management.
The conservation of biodiversity is a thrust area in the national and international agenda. Therefore every attempt has to be made to consummate the importance and preservation of biodiversity and its sustainable use both nationally and internationally through various legislations. At the international level, India has contributed to biodiversity conservation by signing to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992, Kyoto Protocol,1997 etc. Conservation of biological diversity has been given high priority in India as reflected in various enacted national legislations viz., Biodiversity Act, 2002, National Forest Policy, 1988, Forest (Conservation) act, 1980, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 etc. In June 1992 the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janerio explicitly recommended through the United Nation’s Agenda 21 development patterns based on the satisfaction of basic needs of the environment. The summit choose three major areas namely, biodiversity, climate change and sustainable development.
Protecting our environment, while stabilizing our population and adequately feeding the people who will share the earth in the next generation is the largest challenge facing human kind today. For the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use it is vital to understand the root causes of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and therefore, all informal and formal institutions have to work together (politics, policy and people) to generate awareness and technical demonstrations to maintain and conserve biodiversity that could well support the future livelihood and generations to come. This would necessarily involve social equity issues, improved agricultural and forestry practices, capping the activities that are leading to global warming and other drastic alterations of the earth’s environment, and limiting over consumption in industrialized countries to levels that the world could sustain.
Keywords: Biodiversity, degradation, ecosystem, human, sustainable
Development and Management of Water Resources: A Sustainable Approach
Shaaktee Narayan a, Surekha Chousalkar b, Yashi Paliwal c
a Department of Management, , Faculty of Social Sciences, Dayalbagh Educational Institute,
Dayalbagh Saomi Nagar, New Delhi, India.
Volume 06, Issue 09, Pg. 100-112, 2013.
Abstract: Water is a life giving and life sustaining substance. It is one of those important resources which have catered to the needs of mankind from centuries right from the time of civilization. With the passage of time the use of water has grown exponentially and the availability has declined due to some natural and manmade factors. With the greater interference and ever growing greed, human race has certainly disturbed the ecological balance especially disrupting the hydrospheric balance. Being a developing nation with ever growing population, proper management of water resources is an issue of concern. Today if we see, there is no proper distribution of water in all the geographical locations. In some places, water is in abundance and gets flooded away while in some areas, draughts narrate their dry story. Also, at some places the water is present in abundance but is of no use. Therefore, for the optimum utilization of water, proper steps have to taken. Water crisis is a global issue and with the rise in population, urbanization, industrialization this problem has become more acute. Internationally, this issue is being dealt with serious concern as many bodies have been set up and laws have been put into place for water management, so, in this paper we would suggest some similar alternatives for India, to deal/cope with this problem. We would therefore, suggest ways and methods for the proper management of the water resources available and the development of the same, so that the problem of water crisis could be met and there would be a proper flow of water in the country.
To timely tackle this growing problem, sustainable model should be adopted. The paper would highlight the current status of water resources in the country, the problems related to water or the challenges faced by the water sector in India, the action plan proposed by the government and the strategies for proper water management both in rural and urban areas. Water is a resource which should be used in a sustainable manner as it is the elixir for mankind. In order to create a sustainable environment, the management of resources is very important and water is the most vital of all resources. Thus, to maintain its vitality, measures have to be taken which involves the development and management of this substance in the best possible manner for a healthy and sustainable environment.
Keywords: ecological balance, hydrospheric, optimum utilization, sustainable environment