{"id":4718,"date":"2026-06-22T20:36:40","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T20:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/?page_id=4718"},"modified":"2026-06-22T20:40:45","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T20:40:45","slug":"volume-19-issue-07-pg-79-90-2026","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/?page_id=4718","title":{"rendered":"Volume 19, Issue 07, Pg. 79-90, 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development<\/strong>
\nOpen-access peer-reviewed journal\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64211\/oidaijsd190707<\/a>
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

The policing of microaggression experienced by naturalized South African women residing in Johannesburg municipality in South Africa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nomsa Ingrid Zikalala
\n<\/strong>Department of Police Practice, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuck Ridge,
\nCity of Tshwane, Pretoria, South Africa.
\nCorresponding authour: : zikalni@unisa.ac.za<\/a><\/p>\n

Volume 19, Issue 07, Pg. 79-90, 2026.<\/p>\n

Abstracts: Discrimination is a barrier to social inclusion in society. Vulnerable groups are often discriminated against and blamed for high unemployment or poverty in countries with super-diversity. Some South African municipalities that are viewed as economic hubs are associated with high incidences of crime against migrants. Naturalized South African citizens that were once migrants continue dependent of these economic hubs for livelihood. The relational dynamic between migrants and South African are the basis of most discourse on social equality and human right. How individuals are categorised, identified in terms of ethnicity, at times disrupts their sense of belonging and threatens their livelihood. South Africa\u2019s history of tension between migrants and citizens necessitates ongoing discourse on principles of tolerance. The principle of tolerance is enshrined in the philosophy of Ubuntu. Historically South Africans accepted Ubuntu as a way of life that guaranteed peaceful co-existence of individuals. The principles of Ubuntu once made South Africa a haven. Hence the resurfacing tensions between locals and foreign nationals demand police vigilance. The objective of the study was to establish the type of microaggression commonly experienced by naturalized South African women residing in Johannesburg municipality. The qualitative phenomenological research used an interpretive paradigm. The sample consisted of nine female participants who consented to being interviewed. The thematic content analysis conducted established three dominant themes, and these were verbal abuse, racial discrimination, and intimidation. Results showed that microaggression against naturalized citizens was common in Soweto township, a context historically associated with discriminatory social practices that promote group hierarchies based on race and culture. The study raises awareness of the threats to women\u2019s rights and provides insight into the microaggression experienced by naturalized South African women. The study recommended that the police should educate citizens about the negative consequences of microaggression to promote social cohesion in Johannesburg municipalities.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Diversity, equality, intolerance, microaggression, migrants, naturalized citizens.<\/p>\n

Full-text paper download here<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development Open-access peer-reviewed journal\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64211\/oidaijsd190707 The policing of microaggression experienced by naturalized South African women residing in Johannesburg municipality in South Africa Nomsa Ingrid Zikalala Department of Police Practice, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuck Ridge, City of Tshwane, Pretoria, South Africa. Corresponding authour: : zikalni@unisa.ac.za Volume 19, Issue 07, Pg. 79-90, 2026. Abstracts: Discrimination is a barrier to social inclusion in society. Vulnerable groups are often discriminated against and blamed for high unemployment or poverty in countries with super-diversity. Some South African municipalities that are viewed as economic hubs are associated with high incidences of crime against migrants. Naturalized South African citizens that were once migrants continue dependent of these economic hubs for livelihood. The relational dynamic between migrants and South African are the basis of most discourse on social equality and human right. How individuals are categorised, identified in terms of ethnicity, at times disrupts their sense of belonging and threatens their livelihood. South Africa\u2019s history of tension between migrants and citizens necessitates ongoing discourse on principles of tolerance. The principle of tolerance is enshrined in the philosophy of Ubuntu. Historically South Africans accepted Ubuntu as a way of life that guaranteed Read More …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4718"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4722,"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4718\/revisions\/4722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oidaijsd.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}