OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
| Enhancing Sustainable Development through Gender Equality: The Role of Mentorship in Empowering Women-Led SMEs in Georgia’s Economy | 11-28 |
| Generative AI and Trade in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges | 29-40 |
| Economic Diversification Tourism in Plateau State, Nigeria | 41-54 |
| Mental Health Literacy for Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria | 55-62 |
| Regulation of Polygamy in South Africa in the Context of the Proposed Single Marriage Statute: Is it a Victory for the Equal Treatment of Women? | 63-70 |
| Proposed Firearms Control Amendment Bill in South Africa: Is It A Solution or An Opening of Pandora’ s Box? | 71-76 |
| Reproductive Rights in Egypt: What Can Egypt Learn from South African Experience to Promote Millennium Development Goals | 77-80 |
| Towards Sustainable Development with the Development of a System for Paying Instant Money Transfer “e-Withdrawals” Directly into Bank Accounts | 81-100 |
Enhancing Sustainable Development through Gender Equality: The Role of Mentorship in Empowering Women-Led SMEs in Georgia’s Economy
Maya Giorbelidze 1, Natia Jibladze 2
1 Cape Breton University, Canada, 1250 Grand Lake Rd., Sydney, NS, Canada,
2 Business and Technology University, Georgia, Tbilisi 0162, I. Chavchavadze Avenue N82, Georgia.
Volume 18, Issue 02, Pg. 11-28, 2025.
Posted on December 24, 2024.
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of mentorship on the growth of women-led Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Georgia within the framework of sustainable development in Georgia’s evolving economy. Focused on addressing challenges like limited resource access and gender biases, the research employs a randomized control trial method on a sample of 202 businesses. The method allows for a comparative analysis between mentored and non-mentored enterprises, evaluating effects on organizational dynamics, societal impact, strategic development, and entrepreneurial progress. Key findings demonstrate that mentorship significantly enhances business performance, decision-making capabilities, and innovation, underscoring its role in both the psychological and societal empowerment of women entrepreneurs. These results provide valuable insights into the multifaceted role of mentorship in economic empowerment, offering essential implications for policy development and future academic research in this area.
Keywords: Business mentorship; Business training and bundled services; Women’s economic empowerment; Women’s led SMEs
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Generative AI and Trade in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
Edwick Murungu
African Leadership University, Rwanda.
Volume 18, Issue 02, 29-40, 2025.
Posted on December 24, 2024.
Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionise Africa’s trade sector, offering unprecedented opportunities to transform processes, spark innovation, and tackle enduring challenges. This paper delves into the profound impacts of generative AI on trade in Africa, analysing its potential to enhance efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness. With its remarkable ability to create content, predict trends, and automate complex tasks, generative AI promises to optimise supply chain management, improve logistics and inventory control, enhance predictive analytics for better demand forecasting, and streamline customs and regulatory compliance. Additionally, AI-driven solutions can revolutionise trade financing by offering more accurate risk assessments and facilitating faster, more secure transactions. One of the most compelling benefits of generative AI in trade is its potential to democratise access to global markets for African businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and informal traders. These groups often face significant barriers to entry, such as limited access to market information, financing, and efficient logistics. Generative AI can level the playing field by providing data-driven insights, enabling better decision-making, and offering cost-effective digital tools for market access. This not only boosts the competitiveness of African businesses but also promotes inclusive economic growth. However, the journey to fully leveraging generative AI in African trade is fraught with challenges. Technological infrastructure remains a significant hurdle, with many regions lacking digital connectivity and data processing capabilities.
Furthermore, data privacy, security, and ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure responsible AI deployment. Developing robust regulatory and policy frameworks is essential to support AI integration while safeguarding against potential risks. Additionally, the skills gap poses a challenge, necessitating substantial investment in digital literacy and capacity-building programs to equip the workforce with the necessary skills to leverage AI technologies. The policy implications of generative AI in trade are profound. Governments and stakeholders must collaborate to develop supportive regulatory frameworks that encourage AI innovation while protecting against misuse. Investment in digital infrastructure and connectivity is crucial to bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access to AI technologies. Public-private partnerships can drive AI innovation and implementation, fostering a collaborative ecosystem that supports sustainable development. Enhancing digital literacy and providing targeted training programs are essential to build a skilled workforce capable of utilising AI tools effectively. By embracing the transformative potential of generative AI, Africa stands on the brink of unprecedented advancements in trade efficiency, innovation, and inclusivity. Realising this vision requires coordinated efforts across technological, regulatory, and educational domains. A collaborative approach involving governments, businesses, and civil society can drive the continent towards deeper integration into the global economy, fostering development and prosperity for all. The strategic implementation of AI technologies, supported by robust infrastructure and policy frameworks, will be key to unlocking these opportunities and ensuring sustainable growth.
Keywords: Generative artificial intelligence (AI), infrastructure, innovation, policy, trade
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Economic Diversification Tourism in Plateau State, Nigeria
Rahila Timothy Dantong
Department of Political Science
Plateau State University Bokkos. Nigeria.
Volume 18, Issue 02, Pg. 41-54, 2025
Posted December 25, 2024.
Abstract: Plateau State, located in the north-central region of Nigeria, is endowed with a wealth of natural and cultural resources that present immense potential for tourism development. As the Nigerian economy continues to grapple with the challenges of over-reliance on the oil and gas sector, diversifying the economy through the promotion of tourism has become a crucial strategy for sustainable growth and development. This research paper explores the opportunities and challenges associated with leveraging tourism as a tool for economic diversification in Plateau State. The study examines the current state of the tourism industry in the state, identifying the key attractions, infrastructure, and policy frameworks that shape the sector. It also delves into the socio-economic and environmental impacts of tourism development, highlighting both the benefits and potential drawbacks. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. This includes a comprehensive review of relevant literature, analysis of secondary data from government agencies and tourism organizations, as well as primary data gathered through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, such as policymakers, tourism operators, and local community members. The findings of the study reveal that Plateau State possesses a diverse array of tourism assets, including natural landscapes, historical sites, cultural festivals, and adventure activities. These resources have the potential to attract both domestic and international visitors, thereby generating employment opportunities, increasing foreign exchange earnings, and stimulating local economic development. However, the research also identifies several challenges that hinder the effective utilization of tourism for economic diversification. These include inadequate infrastructure, limited marketing and promotion efforts, lack of skilled workforce, and insufficient coordination among various stakeholders. Additionally, the study highlights the need to address concerns related to security, environmental sustainability, and the equitable distribution of tourism benefits among local communities. Based on the findings, the paper proposes a comprehensive strategy for leveraging tourism as a driver of economic diversification in Plateau State. This includes the following key; Strengthening Tourism Infrastructure: Investing in the development of high-quality transportation networks, accommodation facilities, and supporting infrastructure to enhance the overall visitor experience. Enhancing Destination Branding and Promotion: Developing a robust destination marketing strategy to effectively showcase Plateau State’s unique tourism offerings to both domestic and international markets. Capacity Building and Skills Development: Implementing training programs to upskill the local workforce, ensuring the availability of qualified personnel to cater to the needs of the tourism industry. Fostering Stakeholder Collaboration: Establishing a collaborative framework that brings together government agencies, private sector operators, and local communities to coordinate tourism development efforts and address challenges. Promoting Sustainable and Inclusive Tourism: Integrating environmental and social considerations into tourism planning and management, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the industry and the equitable distribution of its benefits. The diversification of Plateau State’s economy through tourism development holds immense promise. By leveraging its rich natural and cultural resources, the state can create new employment opportunities, generate additional revenue streams, and foster sustainable economic growth. However, the realization of this potential requires a concerted effort from policymakers, industry stakeholders, and local communities to address the identified challenges and implement the proposed strategies. This research provides a comprehensive framework to guide the state’s tourism-led economic diversification efforts, contributing to the broader goal of achieving inclusive and sustainable development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Economic Diversification, Development, Plateau State, Tourism
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Mental Health Literacy for Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria
Mkpoikanke Sunday Otu 1, Maximus Monaheng Sefotho 2
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Volume 18, Issue 02, Pg. 55-62, 2025
Posted on December 24, 2024.
Abstract: This study explores the essential role of mental health literacy (MHL) in fostering economic growth within Nigeria. MHL includes understanding mental health disorders, recognizing their symptoms, and knowing how to seek help, all of which are essential for improving mental health outcomes and reducing stigma. In Nigeria, around 10% of the population suffers from mental health disorders; however, there is a significant lack of awareness and resources, which exacerbates negative outcomes and stigma. The study highlights that enhancing MHL can boost productivity by reducing absenteeism and presenteeism, improving leadership through better emotional intelligence and decision-making skills, and promoting social cohesion. Despite its importance, MHL is often lacking among key community figures, such as religious leaders, who are typically the first point of contact for individuals dealing with mental health challenges. This research employs a qualitative approach, conducting interviews and focus groups with stakeholders, including policymakers and mental health professionals, to understand the perceived impact of MHL on economic development. The findings indicate that while MHL is vital for economic advancement, challenges such as stigma, inadequate resources, and cultural beliefs hinder its progress. The study recommends the implementation of educational programmes, awareness initiatives, and policy reforms as essential strategies to improve MHL and support Nigeria’s economic development.
Keywords: Mental health literacy, sustainable economic development, Nigeria, economic growth, suitability.
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Regulation of Polygamy in South Africa in the Context of the Proposed Single Marriage Statute: Is it a Victory for the Equal Treatment of Women?
Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1, Lizelle Calvino 2, Tolaine Matadi 3
1,2,3 Department of Law, University of Zululand, South Africa.
Volume 18, Issue 02, Pg. 63-70, 2025
Posted on December 24, 2024.
Abstract: The proposed Single Marriage Bill brought a glimpse of hope in resolving uncertainties and problems posed by the fact that marriages in South Africa are regulated by different pieces of legislation. However, as in the case of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998, the proposed Single Marriage Bill, perpetuate patriarchal norms by making it clear that only a man is permitted to have more than one wife while denying such a right to their female counterparts. Accordingly, on the face of it, the proposed Single Marriage Bill reflects a clear discrimination against women. If the law is to treat spouses equally, women should be allowed to have more than one husband if they desire such. One justification for polygyny is sexual incompatibility where a man has high libido and seek multiple partners. Equally there are some women with high libido that cannot be quenched by one partner, yet they are denied the same alternative available to men. Another reason in support of polygyny is prestige where a wealthy man can afford multiple wives. Nowadays many women are affluent and powerful capable of supporting multiple partners, if they so desire. To uphold the ideal of an egalitarian society, South African law must consider polyandry within its legal framework. Introducing polyandry will undoubtably raise a thorny issue of morality, but the government has already legislated one of the most contentious issues such as permitting LGBTQIA+ community to flourish within the country by giving them legal recognition. For South Africa to remain committed to equality and justice, it must address these gender disparities in marriage legislation, ensuring that all individuals, regardless of gender, have equal rights and opportunities within the institution of marriage.
Keywords: Marriage, polygyny, polyandry, Single Marriage Bill
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Proposed Firearms Control Amendment Bill in South Africa: Is It A Solution or An Opening of
Pandora’ s Box?
Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1, Tolaine Matadi 2, Xolisile Khanyile 3
Department of Law, University of Zululand, South Africa.
Volume 18, Issue 02, Pg. 71-76, 2025
Posted on December 24, 2024.
Abstract: Violent crimes such as murder, rape and robbery are skyrocketing in South Africa, and this is quite alarming because many citizens are living in fear of being attacked by criminals. Law enforcement agencies are not well resourced or capacitated to be able to adequately protect the civilians. July unrest that erupted in 2021 in some parts of KZN, Gauteng and Mpumalanga province were the worst riots ever experienced by the country after the demise of the apartheid regime. These riots led to the destruction of property, looting and many people died in the process. Many civilians live in fear on daily basis, but the government had the audacity to promulgate the Firearms Control Amendment Bill in May 2022. The problem with the Bill is that it prohibits civilians from owning a firearm for the purpose of private defense and leave them at the mercy of police who are proving to be failing to protect citizens. The South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) made a thorough investigation of the riots and found that even though they coincided with the arrest of the former president Jacob Zuma but had no link. SAHRC reported that police were ill prepared, and this might be attributable to lack of training, lack of equipment and resources to effectively respond. This led to theft, arson and damage to property. The state acknowledged that the stolen licensed guns end up in the hands of street gangs that use them to further their criminal activities. South Africa was once ravaged by political violence before 1994, hence many guns are still in the hands of criminals. Government had tried on several occasions to recover unlicensed firearms by giving amnesty to those who are in possession of such guns. Some guns were surrendered to the government and others were not. Recovered guns were marked for destruction but through the corruption of some police officials many of those guns found their way back to the criminals. In view of all this, common sense dictates that civilians and the entire residents of the country cannot enjoy safety of feel safe if they will solely rely on the police for their protection. This paper seeks to oppose the proposed path because it would worsen the situation, thereby making it difficult for sustainable development to thrive in the country. Sustainable development can only thrive in a safe and peaceful environment that respect human rights for all.
Keywords: Firearms Control Amendment Bill, private defense, violent crimes
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Reproductive Rights in Egypt: What Can Egypt Learn from South African Experience to Promote Millennium Development Goals
Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1, Tolaine Matadi 2, K. Mngomezulu 3
1,2,3,4 Department of Law, University of Zululand, South Africa.
Volume 18, Issue 02, Pg. 77-80, 2025
Posted on December 24, 2024.
Abstract: Thirty years ago, different members of the global community of states flocked to Egypt where they attended the International Conference on Population Development (ICDP). Since this big international event took place in Cairo, the capital city of Egypt in 1994, there is a huge expectation from Egypt to be the one of the leading countries in protecting and promoting reproductive rights. The ICPD adopted a paradigm shift from a crime and punishment model to a reproductive health model with an aim of protecting and promoting reproductive rights. The ICDP recognized that access to contraceptives and abortion services is a special need for women and it should be given priority in any developmental program that has an intention of empowering women. The conference also made it clear that reproductive rights cannot be implemented in a vacuum, but individual circumstances of each woman must be taken into consideration in the process. This means that the rights in question must be exercised within the cultural, social, economic, and political context. A woman who feels that her economic situation does not permit her to have a child, her wish must be granted. On the contrary, Egypt criminalizes abortion through the provisions of article 260-264 of the Penal Code of 1937 but abortion is permitted only if the continuation of pregnancy will endanger the life of the mother. A lot can be learned by Egypt from the South African legal framework that champions the rights of women together with the Millennium development goals. The theoretical framework underpinning this study is reproductive justice which is achieved, “when, each person will have the power to make their own informed decisions about their body, sexuality, and future regardless of race, income and class, sexual orientation, immigration status, or other factors.”
Keywords: Reproductive Rights in Egypt, millennium development goals
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Towards Sustainable Development with the Development of a System for Paying Instant Money Transfer “e-Withdrawals” Directly into Bank Accounts
Volume 18, Issue 02, Pg. 81-100, 2025
Posted on December 24, 2024
Abstract: The rapid growth of technology is changing how businesses operates and how services are being provided to customers. In the financial sector, mobile banking is one of the most promising technologies that has emerged in the recent years and could prove to have considerable value to both banks and customers. Services that are being provided by banks including instant money transfer services to improve customer satisfaction, customer retention, efficiency and convenience. Instant money transfer is a mobile money service that allows for a person-to-person service where people get to send or receive small sums of money to mobile phone users across the globe and have had a tremendous positive impact on people’s lives and have contributed to increased financial inclusion and economic growth. The several number of banking services that are being provided by banks including instant money transfer services have come to reality in some sort of progression. First, it became possible to transfer money either through internet banking or mobile app to someone who has a bank account. The money goes straight into the bank account. Then it became a problem that revealing one’s banking account details to people could lead to fraud being perpetrated on one’s account. There then came the progression of using email address or mobile phone number as point of transferring money. The bank customer can send the money using their bank channel to a receiver, and the receiver receives a notification in a form of an email or a short message service (SMS) entailing the amount and the personal Identification number (PIN) to access the money at the bank. This service differs from bank to bank as some banks attach the transaction to the recipient’s cell phone number and other banks use codes. The receiver could use an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) of the sender’s financial service provider or the partnered merchant to withdraw the money using either their cell phone number or code as well as the PIN to complete the transaction. However, ATMs tend to be out of service and customers having to wait in long queues are among the most commonly experienced problems. Also, money transfer services also pose risks to recipients who receive the money in a form of mobile money transfer as they are required to perform traditional money withdrawal using ATMS, and this method exposes customers to ATM and/or street cash robberies. One should be able to change mind and redirect such money to bank accounts whenever one wishes to or when one fears such ATM and/or street cash robberies. This research focuses on mobile banking to help influence the drive towards the growth of cashless transactions. Thus, this research study addresses the question of how do someone receive instant money via email address or cell phone (avoiding releasing banking details) and still get the money into any of client’s bank accounts (avoiding having to go and use ATM machines) thereby helping to influence the drive towards the growth of cashless transactions which could enhance sustainable development by avoiding unnecessary trips to the ATMs while also giving freedom of choice on how to receive the money. This in addition builds and enhance trust in the banking system enhancing future and sustainable use of the banking systems in the society.
Keywords: Electronic banking, mobile banking, online banking, instant money transfer, Sustainable Development.
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