OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
Determinant Factors Analysis of Labor Productivity in ASEAN Countries
Suhendi Ery Saputro 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2
1,2 Public Policy Studies, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Volume 17, Issue 10, Pg. 11-20, 2024.
Abstract: Labor productivity is an important aspect of economic development. The development paradigm of SDG states that sustainable development, including aspects of humans, is aimed at improving productivity and economic growth. However, the current development of the productivity of ASEAN countries is still diverse which several countries such as Singapore and Brunei Darussalam have a very high productivity, while others are still in the middle and low. This study analyzes the impact of human development, industrialization, foreign investment, and technology on labor productivity. Meanwhile, this study also investigates further the components of HDI (expected years of schooling, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita, and life expectancy) in relation to labor productivity. This study uses data from ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2020 and utilizes panel regression method.
The result shows that HDI, industrial employment, and the index of technological output have a significant influence on labor productivity. On the other hand, FDI and industry sectors have no significant impact on labor productivity. In the second model, this study found that only expected years of schooling and GNI per capita have a positive and significant effect on labor productivity. The results of this study can serve as a basis for consideration in improving labor productivity, particularly by improving human development, industrialization, and technology.
This study recommends policy recommendations to enhance productivity by improving the aspect of technological output and the importance of industrial downstream. It is also urgent to enhance and improve access to education and educational attainment in ASEAN while advancing industrial and technological-based education. The result of the study also implies the importance of support for economic activity and business climate through a stable environment so that can attract and create more jobs. This study also highlights the importance of improvement in labor market data to have good monitoring of labor development.
Keywords: Economy, Productivity, Human Development, Technology
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Enabling Sustainable Development with Progressions into HyperText Transmission Language HTML 5 as the New Frontier in Web Application Development
Bongani Mabunda 1 and Johnson Dehinbo 2
1,2 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information & Communications Technology,
Tshwane University of Technology, Soshanguve, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 10, Pg. 21-32, 2024.
Abstract: The Internet and associated web-enabled application and Information Systems has had tremendous positive impact on the worldwide societies in recent years leading towards development. And sustainability of such development in the world generally cannot be over-emphasized. Various advanced countries in different parts of the world have positively transformed their society with the use of Information Systems enabled with programming computers and related devices in the last few centuries. The net result was progress to society, increasing the standard of living with benefits related to quality of life through the development of knowledge, products, and services with the ultimate goal of sustainable development. The Internet and associated web-enabled application and Information Systems added the advantage of limiting space and time such that relevant information can be obtained from anywhere at any time. Notable areas and fields of works in which web-enabled application and Information Systems development have undoubtedly contributed towards includes e-commerce, online banking, online bookings of different services, online taxation, enabled communication systems, e-learning and virtual learning systems etc. Most of these systems are developed in advanced countries and developing countries purchase at exorbitant foreign currency-based prices. Developing such systems had traditionally been done by expert web developers using specialized programming languages. However, towards sustainability, developing countries have to get to a point where most of the needed systems are developed in-house. Such progress has evolved towards a state where some countries have leapfrogged towards development through progress in Information Systems development such that even advanced countries outsource some of their system development works to make use of the massive human talents at lower costs in developing countries. Without doubt, that would increase employment rate and should serve a goal for many other developing countries that are especially low in financial fundings, plagued with high unemployment but yet buoyant with high human capital. But such laudable goal would involve developing countries seizing such opportunities and rigorously training programmers and web developers who will become the developers of the needed Information systems. However, learning programming is a complex task and is one of the subjects that students find challenging. Some of the difficulties involve comprehending learning materials in specialized programming languages that involves meticulously manipulating specialized programming languages or codes.
The evolution of specialized programming languages for web application systems has transformed the global landscape in the above-mentioned. It all began with the inception of basic web applications using Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) 1.0, primarily designed for delivering static web pages containing text, images, graphics, and videos that were accessible online. Subsequently, the paradigm shifted towards dynamic web pages capable of presenting real-time data retrieved from databases. For instance, databases could store hourly temperature forecasts, and when a user requested the temperature for a specific hour, the data would be extracted and displayed on the website, enabling the dissemination of continuously changing information on the web. Over time, we witnessed a progression that allowed people to create web applications with native-like functionalities that could run directly in a web browser. These advancements and enhanced features were largely made possible through incremental improvements in HTML versions, spanning from 1.0 to 4.0. However, the introduction of HTML 5.0 marks a significant departure from its predecessors similar to the situations where word documents can simply be converted to webpages such that more and more people without technical training can develop web application. This research paper delves into the utilization of HTML 5 for developing advanced features that were traditionally the domain of native applications. Additionally, we will explore the advantages of employing features such as offline browsing and synchronization capabilities, particularly in environments with slower network connections, commonly found in developing countries.
Keywords: Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Offline Browsing, Mobile Apps, Web application development, Native Apps
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Impact & Effectiveness of ASA Philippines Foundation Scholarship Program on Clients’ Children
Julie J. Iligan,1, Faisah C. Moh’d Sharief 2, Maricel R. Pansoy,3, Faida A. Abing 4,
Anjer H. Juraini 5, Manuelito R. Martinez Jr. 6, Mohshin Habib 7, Christine Jubb 8
1 President’s Office (PO), 2 Training, Research and External Affairs Department (TREAD),
3 Management Information System (MIS), 4 Internal Audit (IA) 5 Information Technology (IT), 6 Mindanao Operation, ASA Philippines Foundation Inc. – A Microfinance NGO 15th Floor Prestige Tower F. Ortigas Jr. Rd. Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605 Philippines,
7 Laurentian University, Canada,
8 Swinburne University of Technology, Australia.
Volume 17, Issue 10, Pg. 33-56, 2024.
Abstract: The effective implementation of the Scholarship Program is responsible for ensuring the successful completion of college education by students with limited finances and increasing their likelihood of securing a well-paying job, which will result in their financial security. Measurement of the program’s efficacy is necessary to evaluate the overall results before more extensive replication occurs. This study examines the impact of ASA Philippines’ Scholarships Program using the following indicators: (1) the advantages of having financial support to concentrate more on studying, finishing a degree at the tertiary level, and finding employment; (2) perceived financial benefits for active scholars and graduates and the sufficiency of the financial grant to cover the cost of schooling; and (3) the efficiency of the program approach to achieving success indicators. The results support the hypothesis that scholarships have a significant impact on students’ likelihood of completing higher education successfully. Variables evaluated show that the scholarships successfully supported the students’ perseverance in completing their study and finding employment. The majority of respondents acknowledged that the Scholarship Program made it feasible for them to acquire work, reach financial independence, and fulfill their educational and career goals. These findings provide insights into the efficacy and outcomes of the implementation of the Scholarship Program. The recommendations emphasize the enhancement of the Scholarship Program design by strengthening the implementation guidelines, particularly around the selection process, and the sufficiency of allocated grants to tailor-fit academic needs. The researchers also suggest preventive measures to reduce the dropout rate and further equip students for employment and financial accomplishment.
Keywords: academic success; educational assistance; scholars; scholarship program; tertiary education.
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Assessing the status quo of Sustainable Development Goal number 2 in Africa
Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad
School of Public Management, Governance and Public Policy, College of Business and Economics,
University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 10, Pg. 57-68, 2024.
Abstract: The aim of the study is to examine the status quo of sustainable development goal (SDG) 2 that seeks to achieve zero hunger. The goal in an explanatory manner demands hunger to be eradicated through food security interventions, adequate nutrition-based food products and investment in agriculture to harvest sustainable food varieties. The focus of the study is SDG2 (food security) that is examined in the context of Africa (locus), exploring challenges hampering the realisation of selected development goal. The main research question considered for the study is: what are the reasons that Africa is struggling to achieve SDG2? To find answers, the study utilised a qualitative desktop analysis, and information is compiled through literature review. Various journal articles, dissertations and theses, internet sources, official documents of Statista, news reports, are considered to obtain relevant and timely information related to food security challenges in African context. The information is further analysed through document analysis and conceptual analysis. The review of literature reveals various socio-economic and environmental challenges that are affecting the effective implementation of SDG2 and hence causing food insecurity in Africa. There are various factors leading to the non-realisation of SDG2. The significant ones are environmental degradation, wars, economic meltdown, lack of employment opportunities, trade restrictions, to state a few. In the case of Africa, conflict can also be added as a factor that impacts on the political landscape, affecting the lack of implementation of government policies for economic development. Climate change’s unpredictability and harsh weather patterns also threaten systems for agriculture. Income disparity exacerbates the situation. Some of the proposed solutions for these challenges include effective governance at the local, national, and international which is imperative for enhancing food security by supporting production and availability; managing food markets and distributing natural resources, and provision of protective safety nets, including financial infrastructure which can reduce risks and boost resilience for vulnerable communities experiencing food instability and famine. Despite such measures implemented across the globe, the elimination of hunger and food security remains elusive for many developing countries across the globe in general, and Africa in particular. The recommendations are offered for improvement. The study aims to develop a longitudinal and comparative study to explore the SDG2 implementation in various African countries. The data will be compiled to conduct desktop analysis of selected countries, exploring SDG2 challenges. The recommendations will focus on global best practices that African countries can consider improving the situation in the country-specific contexts.
Keywords: Africa, food security, modernisation theory, qualitative study, sustainable development goal (SDG), SDG 2.
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