OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
Intelligence Gathering Process: Securing Public Protests, Gatherings and Major Events
Mokopane Charles Marakalala
College of Law, School of Criminal Justice, Department of Police Practice, University of South Africa, Preller Street Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 09, Pg. 11-22, 2024.
Abstract. Protests are viewed as a way for citizens to make their voices heard by their governments. In South Africa, protests are common, which may indicate that the population has many demands. During protests, there is a lot of concern for people’s lives to be safe (United Nations, 2011:34). Therefore, the police are routinely called in to guarantee that protests are calm. Sadly, lives are frequently lost during the supposedly nonviolent protests. Understanding why so many people die at the hands of the police during protests in South Africa is the driving force behind this research. The main aim of research is to determine whether actions are required to lower the high rate of protest-related fatalities.
The forensic intelligence must immediately evaluate its existing regime and operational approach to the intelligence gathering of public protests and riots in order to provide momentum and assure conformity with the Bill of Rights, the Constitution, national legislation, and international norms. Relevant legislation, including the Constitution (Bill of Rights) and standing orders appears to re-affirm the international position on the use of lethal force. In fact, the standing order goes so far in prescribing the kind of weapons and ammunition allowed to be used during public protests or gatherings (Verma, Das, Abraham, 2013:54).
Keywords: Intelligence, gathering, securing, public protests, challenges, major events.
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The role of in-situ upgrading of informal settlements in the creation of sustainable livelihoods. The case of Havelock, Durban, South Africa
Malibongwe Ngobese 1, Godfrey Musvoto 2
1,2 Department of Town and Regional Planning, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 09, Pg. 23-40, 2024.
Abstract: Since the turn of the 21st century, upgrading initiatives in informal settlements have emerged as central pillars of pro-poor housing policies in the developing countries. This occurs in a context where African countries such as South Africa have witnessed exponential growth in informal settlements over the past few decades, partly because of institutional failure to address poverty, and also to meet the ever-increasing demand for affordable housing in the face of rapid urbanization and urban growth. Likewise, upgrading initiatives in informal settlements have emerged with a view to creating sustainable livelihoods by addressing chronic deprivation among informal settlements dwellers. This article is premised on the fact that although in-situ upgrading initiatives have been widely employed in the attempt to address poverty among informal dwellers in many African cities, the role of these initiatives in the creation of sustainable livelihoods is subject to ongoing debate. Using the case study of Havelock informal settlement in-situ upgrading initiative, this paper investigates the ways and extent to which in-situ informal settlement upgrading initiatives enhance sustainable livelihoods among beneficiary households and communities. A mixed methods research design based on key informant qualitative interviews, household surveys and transect walks was used as the primary data collection tool and technique. The main findings of this paper are that for informal settlement upgrading initiatives to enhance sustainable livelihoods, they need to be gender sensitive and they also need to prioritize the provision of infrastructure that addresses the most pressing vulnerabilities of informal communities and income generating initiatives. In addition, the research also notes that informal settlement upgrading initiatives require the buy-in and support of the adjacent formal neighbourhoods for them to enhance livelihoods that are integrated with the local neighbourhood context.
Keywords: Havelock informal settlement, Informal settlements, informal settlements upgrading, in-situ upgrading of informal settlements, sustainable livelihoods.
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Factors Influencing Regional Governments to Enhance Regional Financial Independence: Cases in Indonesian Provinces
Vissia Dewi Haptari 1, Eleonora Sofilda 2, Ari Mulianta Ginting 3, Ferdinand David Aritonang 4
1 Polytechnic of State finance STAN, Ministry of Finance Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
2 Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.
3 House of Representatives, Jakarta, Indonesia.
4 Central Bureau of Statistics, Indonesia.
Volume 17, Issue 09, Pg. 41-54, 2024.
Abstract: The policy of giving regional autonomy in tandem with fiscal decentralization strives to ensure that regional administrations have the funds to implement regional independence following each region’s capability. Policies promoting regional autonomy are supposed to improve regional financial independence independently. However, it has been discovered that achieving regional financial independence is challenging—for the region’s public services. Regional independence is an important element of an area since it allows the part to build its economy and improve the welfare of its people. The issue in regional independence is optimizing local government revenue (PAD), which is a matter of numerous aspects to consider when collecting PAD. This study discovered the characteristics that influence regional financial independence, PAD, balancing money, domestic investment, and the regional minimum wage (UMR) are among these considerations. According to the findings of this study, PAD and UMR have a positive and substantial influence on regional financial independence. Still, the balancing fund and domestic investment variables have a negative and significant effect. Based on the quantitative analysis results, regional governments can undertake policy options to encourage regional financial independence, such as expanding PAD and raising the minimum wage. Regional administrations must achieve more financial independence.
Keywords: Regional Financial Independence, Local Government Revenue, Regional Minimum Wage, Investment, Indonesian Provinces, Regional Governments
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Implementation of Eco-Label in Sustainable Business in Indonesia: Analysis of Legal Perspectives and Psychological Factors
Riduan Siagian 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Leonard Siahaan 3
1 Economics Faculty, Universitas Efarina, Pematang Siantar, Indonesia.
2 Economics Doctoral Program, Economics and Business Faculty, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.
3 Master of Management, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Management Saint Marry, Indonesia.
Volume 17, Issue 09, Pg. 55-66, 2024.
Abstract: This study investigates the implementation of eco-label innovations in the context of sustainable business in Indonesia, with a focus on analyzing the legal perspective and the impact of psychological factors on consumer behavior. Eco-labels, as indicators of sustainable products, have the potential to shape more environmentally friendly consumption patterns. Through a qualitative approach, a survey was conducted with 200 respondents representing various segments of society. The theoretical framework utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to measure consumers’ positive intentions in selecting products with eco-labels, influenced by their positive attitudes towards the environment and social influences supporting pro-environmental behavior. The results show that the majority of respondents have limited knowledge or are unaware of Eco-Labels. Nevertheless, most respondents believe that products labeled with an eco-label are likely to be more environmentally friendly, and they consider information about eco-labels to influence their purchasing decisions. The significance of implementing eco-labels in sustainable businesses also received strong support from respondents. Respondents demonstrated a positive inclination towards stronger legal incentives to adopt eco-labels. Additionally, there is an awareness of psychological impacts on product choices, although confidence levels vary. Interestingly, the majority of respondents are more inclined to choose products with eco-labels, even if they are slightly more expensive. This research provides a comprehensive view of how Indonesian society responds to the implementation of eco-labels in sustainable businesses. These findings offer valuable insights for business practitioners, government bodies, and stakeholders in developing more effective strategies to promote sustainability through the use of eco-labels. The study concludes that the implementation of eco-labels holds significant potential for driving sustainable business practices in Indonesia, especially when considered through the lenses of legal perspectives and psychological factors within the TPB. A combination of effective regulations, improved consumer education, and an understanding of psychological factors in consumer behavior can promote the acceptance and adoption of eco-labels as a strategic step toward achieving a more sustainable business vision.
Keywords: Eco-Label, Sustainable Business, Legal Perspective, Theory of Planned Behavior, Consumers, Environment.
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