OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
Forensic Analyst: The Impact of Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery at Schools and Campuses in African Union
Mokopane Charles Marakalala
College of Law, School of Criminal Justice, Department of Police Practice, University of South Africa, Youth-Network Engaged Scholarship Project, Preller Street Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 08, Pg. 11-22, 2024.
Abstract: The African Union’s (AU) role in preventing human trafficking and modern slavery is examined in this paper. Using a combination of qualitative analysis and a case study of many African nations and their anti-trafficking initiatives, the article will apply a qualitative technique to investigate the AU’s reaction to the consequences of human trafficking in Africa. This approach was chosen to combine a general assessment of the measures in place within the AU region to combat human trafficking with a detailed analysis of how these mechanisms have impacted trafficking trends across all AU member states. This paper explores the African Union’s (AU) involvement in the fight against human trafficking and modern slavery. The reaction of AU to the consequences of human trafficking in Africa will be examined in this research using a qualitative technique. A case study or documentary analysis of certain African nations and their anti-trafficking initiatives will be included in addition to qualitative analysis. This approach has been chosen to include an overview of the AU region’s procedures for preventing human trafficking, as well as a close examination of how these mechanisms have impacted trafficking trends across all AU member states.
Keywords: Human trafficking, modern slavery, youth-network, engaged scholarship, impact, drugs, substance abuse.
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An Evaluation of The Functioning of Solid Waste Reclaimers in Mogale City, South Africa
Mpinane Flory Senekane
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 08, Pg. 23-28, 2024.
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the functioning of solid waste reclaimers in the Mogale City, West of Johannesburg, South Africa. Previous studies have been conducted with integration gaps unbridged and in this study, the Mogale City Local municipality in liaison with Gauteng Provincial governments may consider establishing laws and by-laws to integrate waste reclaimers into solid waste management system. This study employed mixed methods of quantitative, qualitative and observations for data collection. A pilot study was conducted in waste reclaimers functioning from the inner city of Johannesburg Metropolitan municipality, collected data was not used for analysis but was to test the reliability of questions. Collected data were analyzed by using SPPS version 25.0, different themes were analyzed separately. Results revealed that the demand for recyclables remains high and yet there were no laws and regulations that support the functioning of solid waste reclaimers. They functioned under stigma and harassment by residents in the study areas. Collection of recyclable items put their health at risk of contracting infectious diseases from infected waste items and injuries from sharp objects. Infectious diseases include hepatitis A and B while injuries often occur on hands because they have no gloves to protect their hands while functioning. Since they did not wear shoes with hard sole, they also sustained injuries on their feet. They receive small cash from recycling companies which does not cover their personal needs to buying food for their families and going for medical assistance when they are sick. In some incidences, landfill operators do not allow them into the landfill to collect recyclable items. The nature of work of waste reclaimers does not allow them to work consistently in groups. Most of them prefer to work individually and this is a big problem for the Mogale City Local Municipality. Working in groups would enable the municipality to allocate them in different areas to pick up the waste and get a fixed salary for the job done which most importantly would assist them to buy food and other personal items that they need. The municipality would further provide them with protective clothing to use against injuries and infectious diseases. Waste reclaimers are not team players and as such, it will take time before their economic and social problems get resolved. This study concludes that the demand for recyclables is high in Mogale City, however, lack of support from Gauteng provincial government remains a problem because people do not accept them as people who care for the environment and waste companies do not pay them enough money.
Keywords: Functioning, Mogale City local Municipality, Solid Waste, Waste Reclaimers.
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Impact of Ownership on Bank Performance: Systematic Literature Review
Bahrudin 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Eleonora Sofilda 3, Budi Santosa 4
1 Indonesia Financial Services Authority, Jakarta, Indonesia.
2,3,4 Universitas Trisakti, Kyai Tapa Street No. 1 Grogol, West Jakarta, Indonesia.
Volume 17, Issue 08, Page 29-48, 2024.
Abstract: In order for banks to operate prudently and soundly, able to carry out their functions as intermediary institutions to support financial system stability, strong supervision and regulation covering various aspects are needed, such as the application of risk management, prudential principles, governance, and bank ownership. The governance and bank ownership are important issues in bank management. Experience shows that one of the aspects that led to the global crisis was the weakness of bank governance which led to the failure of banks to understand the risks taken. This study is intended to provide a systematic and comprehensive literature review related to the impact of ownership variables on bank performance. The articles are filtered through several inclusion and exclusion criteria, with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method and using Vosviewer to analyze the relationship between the keywords used. The keywords are Bank Ownership Structure; Bank Ownership Concentration; Bank Institutional Ownership; Bank Performance (Efficiency, Profitability), and Bank Performance (Risk, Capital). The results of the literature study show that there is a relationship between ownership concentration and bank performance. The results of the study also show that there is a relationship between ownership and bank performance (efficiency, profitability, risk, and capital). Density analysis shows that studies using the keyword Bank Performance and its relation to aspects of ownership are quite widely carried out in 125 eligible articles, but for their relation to other aspects such as macroeconomic aspects, bank-specific factors (such as liquidity) or non-financial institution ownership are not as many as compared to ownership variables.
Keywords: Systematic Literature Review, Ownership, Bank Performance, Profitability, Efficiency
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Impact of Hydro Electricity Power Investment on Indonesia Economic Growth
Deasy Virgonita Liling 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Eleonora Sofilda 3
1,2,3 Public Policy Studies, Faculty of Economics & Business, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Volume 17, Issue 08, 2024
Abstract: The development of Renewable Energy (EBT) is Indonesia’s main focus in efforts to reduce dependence on limited energy sources and at the same time has the potential to damage the environment. The Indonesian government targets the portion of EBT to increase to 23% by 2025. One type of EBT used by the electricity sector is Hydroelectric Power Plants (PLTA). The aim of this research is to analyze and examine: (i). Development of New Renewable Energy (EBT) in Indonesia; (ii). Impact of Hydropower Investment on Backward Linkage and Forward Linkage; (iii). Impact of hydropower investment on leading sectors; (iv). To Analyze and Assess the Impact of Hydropower Investment on Economic Growth; and (v). EBT policy to achieve SDGs goals.
The research method used is a Mix Method approach, namely a combination of a quantitative approach (using Input-Output (I-O), Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), with 2016 SNSE data) and a qualitative approach (using Systematic Literature Review/SLR). Based on the research results obtained: (i). Currently, renewable energy utilization in Indonesia reaches around 2.5% of the total potential of 417.8 GW. Based on the 2017 National Energy General Plan, hydropower potential reaches 94,476 MW. With the current capacity, the utilized potential of hydropower is only 6.99%; (ii). The electricity sector, including hydropower, is ranked second with a Backward Linkage value of 3.159. Meanwhile, for Forward Linkage, this sector is ranked 7th with a value of 3,372; (iii). The determination of leading sectors is based on sectors with high Backward and Forward Linkage, so the three main leading sectors are the oil and gas refining sector, the food and beverage sector, and the paper goods sector, printing and recording media reproduction; (iv). The impact of hydropower investment on economic growth (through CGE model simulations) shows that there is a linear relationship between investments made in the hydropower industry and Indonesia’s economic growth; (v). The implementation of the EBT policy has achieved the SDGs goals, where the Government is currently preparing a Grand National Energy Strategy to ensure the availability of sufficient, good, affordable, and environmentally friendly energy in the 2020-2040 period.
In order for the target of using EBT to be achieved, energy development with technological support is needed, as well as policies providing incentives from the government in the form of fiscal policies, subsidies, and investment policies. Apart from that, there needs to be land planning and ease of licensing for the development of generating, transmission, and distribution land in accordance with the spatial plan. The involvement of the community, private sector, and universities is necessary to accelerate the achievement of EBT development targets and their sustainability.
Keywords: EBT, Hydropower, Economic Growth, CGE
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