OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
Analyzing the Paradigmatic Impact of Seychelles Blue Economy Financing Model
Tony Onazi Oche
Political Science Department, University of Pretoria, Floor 21, Humanities Building
University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 06, Pg.11-20, 2024
Abstract: Seychelles is regarded as the first country to implement a debt-for-nature swap (marine conservation) and blue bond finance model. The goal of the initiative was to secure funding for the preservation of the ocean ecosystem and empower fishermen and women with facilities and skills for value addition in the fishery industry. Since the launch of the innovative blue economy finance framework in 2015, the phenomenon has attracted considerable attention in the literature and policy environment. This development bolsters the visibility of the most underfunded Sustainable Development Goal (Goal 14), however, there has been a limited study on the paradigmatic impact of the finance model. This study argues that Seychelles’ blue economy finance model has not only created opportunities for increasing blue funding. But has, in addition, provided a practical financing roadmap that addresses ecological issues through a human-centered approach. This unrecognized impact is significant given the popular debate between critics of ocean preservation and ecological security proponents. The paper argues that the Seychelles’ debt-for-nature and blue bond initiatives although ecologically conscious have designed collaborative programs to include the views of private landowners, fishermen and women, civil society organizations, and private landowners. This collaborative and human-centered approach to conservation has enabled fishers to absorb the livelihood impact of fishing regulation and marine zone protection. Although with its challenges, this approach to marine conservation shows that the policymakers in Victoria understand the significance of the marine ecosystem as well as the human agency in controlling overfishing and other harmful activities that may impact the sustainability of life underwater. The study leveraging a qualitative methodology and content analysis technique argues that the Island African country seems to have adopted a human-centered approach in its blue economy framework. Furthermore, the study identifies the challenges that may be associated with the blue bond financing model. In addition, the study argues that the popular evangelism for the adoption of the blue bond should be done with recognition of Seychelles’ peculiar robust ocean governance framework.
Keywords: Blue Bond, Debt-for-Nature-Swap, Human-centered approach, Blue Economy Finance, Seychelles
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A critical analysis of ballistic evidence in South Africa
Benedict Terence Hill 1, Jacob Tseko Mofokeng 2, Dee Khosa 3
1,2,3 Tshwane University of Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Safety and Security Management, 2 Aubrey Matlakala Street, Soshanguve – K, Soshanguve, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 06, Pg. 21-40, 2024.
Abstract: Ballistic imaging systems will facilitate solve gun crimes by comparison pictures of cartridge cases, that are recovered from a criminal offense scene or test-fired from a taken gun, to an information of pictures obtained from past crime scenes. Automated ballistics imaging and analysis systems, admire the integrated identification system (IBIS) have advanced gun enforcement operations by permitting pictures of gun crime proof to be chop-chop compared to an outsized inventory of proof collected from alternative crime scenes. When small-arm examiners ensure candidate matches, detectives will use the data generated by the links among gun crimes to assist solve their cases. Links between recovered cartridge casings represent most trajectory matches created through wader. This study focused on the operations within the field of ballistics, specifically from the perspective of South Africa. Its primary objective was to establish a reliable process for determining the origin of fired exhibits such as cartridge cases and bullets, which is crucial for firearm individualisation in the context of forensic science and its applicability in South African courts. Ballistics is a specialised unit within the South African Police Service (SAPS), operating under the Division of Forensic Science Laboratory. Recently, there has been increased scrutiny of the ballistics field within South African courts, with defense teams arguing that it is not a forensic science. This study followed a qualitative research technique utilising a non-probability sampling in the form of purposive sampling. The purposive sampling method provided authors with the opportunity to handpick participants who were suitable for the research. Fifteen (15) key informants were purposively sampled experts from the SAPS (9), National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) (4), private analyst (1) as well as private attorney (1) and, the least experienced analyst had minimum experience of 7 years. Thematic analysis was chosen as the method to analyse the collected data. The research findings highlighted two key disciplines relevant to the study: forensic firearm examination and forensic firearm identification. Forensic science, as defined, involves the examination of crime scene evidence using standardised and proven foundational principles, with the aim of assisting the court in making informed decisions. The study recommends that local analysts should have more opportunities to visit firearm factories for research purposes. Additionally, it suggests that sub-class characteristics should be given greater consideration, like class characteristics and individual characteristics, particularly in the context of the 212-affidavit. The study adequately addresses various factors, including manufacturing processes, class, sub-class, and individual characteristics, the AFTE-Theory of Identification, and the subjective versus objective nature of analysis. The researcher concludes that these factors have been thoroughly investigated through numerous research studies and ongoing research, ultimately strengthening the fundamental validity of firearm individualisation.
Keywords: Ballistic evidence, bullet, cartridge case, firearm, forensic science, fundamental.
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Having a hand-washing facility with soap and water in South Africa (SDG 6.2.1), what are the predictive factors?
Tota A Tota,1 Rethabile J Seutloali,2 Bukola G Olutola3
1,2,3 School of Engineering, Science and Health, Independent Institute of Education (IIEMSA), South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 06, Pg. 41-50, 2024.
Abstract: According to the sustainable development goal 6, countries are to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. One of the indicators of the goal is the proportion of population using a hand-washing facility with soap and water i.e., the percentage of people living in households that have a handwashing facility with soap and water available on the premises. As a standard hygiene measure to prevent infections including the new coronavirus, WHO advises the public to practice handwashing with soap and water and published a guideline on proper handwashing techniques. In 2017, 42 countries including South Africa had less than 50% access to basic handwashing facilities (including soap and water) at home. Three years later, in 2020, 44.8% of South Africans were with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water in their homes. Therefore, this study looked at the prevalence of having a handwashing place/facility for households in South Africa in 2022 and the key predictors of having a handwashing place in South African households. Data used were from the 2022 South African General Household Survey, a nationally representative survey. Handwashing with water and soap after defaecation was used as a measure of having facilities for handwashing including water and soap. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to describe the characteristics of the sample, prevalence, and predictors of handwashing facilities with soaps and water amongst South Africans. Of the 19,351 households who participated in the study, 57.8% (10,801) were male headed households. About 0.3% (n=43) of the households were headed by children from 14-17 years. After defaecation, 34.9% (n=5448) of household members used only water to clean their hands, 3.7% (n=550) clean their hands with hand sanitizer or wet wipes, 0.6% (n=106) did not clean their hands while 60.8% (n=8914) used soap and water to clean their hands on their premises. The older the age of the head of household, the higher the percentage of members of the household who washed their hands with soap and water. Conversely, the poorer the household, the less the percentage of household members who used water and soap to wash their hands after defaecation. The use of any form of flush toilet /water closet, not sharing the toilet with the neighbour, safe waste removal and living in the urban areas were the predictors of handwashing with soap and water. In conclusion, this study showed that the percentage of South Africans with handwashing facilities (including soap and water) increased from 2020 when it was 44.4% to 60.8% in 2022. The predictors highlighted should be the focus for policy makers to further increase the accessibility of the South African population to handwashing facilities.
Keywords: Handwashing, SDG 6.2.1, Soap, South Africa, Water.
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Influence of Organizational Culture and Person-Organization Fit on Job Satisfaction Mediated by Organizational Commitment at Jasa Marga Group
Deasy Aseanty 1, Raysa Hanik Alvianita 2
1,2 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Trisakti, Letjen S. Parman No.1, Grogol, West Jakarta, Indonesia.
Volume 17, Issue 06, Pg. 51-58, 2024.
Abstract: This research aims to analyze the influence of an organizational culture that consists of clan culture, adhocracy culture, market culture, and clan culture, as well as the person-organization fit between employee and organization on job satisfaction, mediated by organizational commitment at the Jasa Marga Group. According to Robert Walters Indonesia, in 2023, 77% of employees in Indonesia will consider resigning or resigning. Various factors, such as low job satisfaction, lack of career development opportunities, and work pressure, can influence employees who leave. However, Jasa Marga Group is different from existing trends. This phenomenon is exciting when Jasa Marga Group has a low resignation rate and most employees have long service periods. Therefore, paying attention to certain factors that trigger employees to remain and feel job satisfaction with their work at Jasa Marga Group is very important.
This study used a quantitative approach, conducted field studies, and used cross-sectional data. The method used in sampling in this research was purposive sampling. The data in this study was collected from a sample of 280 respondents who worked at the Jasa Marga Group, including PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk and PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator. This research hypothesis was tested using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling). Data analysis was carried out using AMOS software to test the relationship between organizational culture, person-organization fit, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. The research results show several relationships between variables and job satisfaction, namely organizational culture and person-organization fit, which positively affect organizational commitment, and organizational commitment, which positively impacts job satisfaction. Organizational commitment has a positive effect as a mediating role between person-organization fit and organizational culture on job satisfaction.
This research implies a theoretical contribution by revealing the relationship between organizational culture, person-organization fit, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Also, this means that Jasa Marga Group should consider and build a culture that supports innovation and provides incentives appropriate to employee contributions to achieving innovation. Also, Jasa Marga Group should increase employee trust in the company and make them feel valued, increasing satisfaction with their work. The originality and value of this study lies in the research object, namely the State-Owned Enterprise company Jasa Marga Group, in terms of variables that affect job satisfaction. By addressing this research gap, this study contributes to the existing literature on job satisfaction. The detailed presentation of theoretical contributions, practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research enhances the overall value of the study.
Keywords: Employees, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Culture, Organizational Commitment, Person-organization Fit.
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