OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
Assessing the Effects of Illegal Dumpsites on the Environment and Human Well-Being in the Rural Areas of Limpopo, South Africa
Mpinane Flory Senekane
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 01, Pg. 11-24, 2024.
Abstract
Rural communities on a global scale face an array of challenges associated with proper management of solid waste. Poor solid waste collection services or no services in the rural areas is not a new problem and it is the reason why rural communities such as those in Limpopo engage in illegal dumping of solid waste. It is not uncommon to see or find huge piles of solid waste dumped along the roadside. This malpractice is increasingly becoming an eye sore as it an obstacle of clean environment and moreover contributes to a serious impact on wildlife and habitat. The high level of waste generation could be associated with increased levels of illegal dumpsites, in some cases increased wealth and increased population can distinctly be correlated with increasing dumping spots. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of illegal dumpsites on the environment and human health in Praktiseer in Limpopo, South Africa. To achieve this aim, the objectives were to investigate the state of solid waste management in the study area; to assess the impacts of illegal dumpsites on humans and on the environment, to identify alternative avenues pertaining to illegal dumpsites in Fetakgomo-Tubatse Local Municipality, Limpopo Province. This was done through employing quantitative (Questionnaires) and observation methods of data collection. Data were analysed quantitively by using SPPS version 27.0 computer software, and it was interpreted qualitatively. Themes for this study were coded and analysed separately and presented in figures, graphs, and tables. Lack of awareness campaigns and education on illegal dumping of solid waste were findings of the study. Additional finding was that there were no effective implementation of existing policies and there was also lack of accountability within the municipality. The outcomes of this study may be useful in disserminating information to local municipality to engage communities of the study area in regular awareness campaigns and educate them on effect of illegal dumping on human wellbeing and to environment. The outcomes are also expected to help promote more efficient methods of waste management and to impact people’s perception of illegal dumpsites. The gap in knowledge for this study was identified to guide the review of the existing waste management policies and by-laws within Fetakgomo-Tubatse Local municipality. The new methods of solid waste management enshrined in policies and by-laws are the reason why rural communities are resistant to support sustainable developments through good practices of solid waste management. The sole responsibility to protect humans and the environment from negative effects remains with communities with the support of the municipalities as well as experts in solid waste management.
Keywords: environmental effects, human health effects, illegal dumping, rural communities, solid waste, waste management practices
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Assessing Microbial Distribution on Food Preparation Surfaces in Old Age Home Kitchen Surfaces: A Quantitative Analysis
Tshegofatso Nhabe 1,2 and Ntsoaki Joyce Malebo 2
1 Department of Environmental Health, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2041, South Africa.
2 Central University of Technology, Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching and learning Division, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
Volume 17, Issue 01, Pg. 25-40, 2024.
Abstract: Amidst the global challenge posed by foodborne illnesses, this study underscores the vital necessity of implementing robust food safety measures within the unique context of old age homes. Older adults, being more susceptible to severe consequences due to compromised immune systems and pre-existing health conditions, heighten the urgency of addressing food safety in this demographic. Acknowledging surfaces as potential carriers of foodborne pathogens, the primary aim of this research was to evaluate the cleanliness of food preparatory surfaces in old age home kitchens. Microbiological samples were gathered from these surfaces using Rodac plates featuring various agar types. The analysis focused on quantifying and identifying microorganisms, utilizing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for genus and species level identification. The results were assessed according to the criteria outlined in the British Columbia Guide for Environmental Health Officers, categorizing surfaces as satisfactory, acceptable, or unsatisfactory based on the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act 54 of 1972.
The findings indicated that 66.667% of surfaces displayed low total viable counts, while 34.884% exhibited unsatisfactory enumeration with numerous colonies per plate. This implies a potential lack of adherence to proper food handling practices, raising concerns about premises hygiene and the risk of contamination. The study emphasizes the pressing need to implement robust food safety practices in old age homes, especially to protect the health of the immunocompromised elderly population. The outcomes stress the imperative for increased vigilance and adherence to food safety protocols within the distinctive environment of old age homes. The prevalence of unsatisfactory enumeration highlights the potential risk of contamination, underscoring the need to prioritize and ensure the safety of food consumed by older adults in these settings. The research emphasizes the importance of addressing food safety in the context of old age homes, urging heightened attention to prevent foodborne illnesses and their severe consequences in this vulnerable population. Highlighting the importance of addressing food safety in this context, where the increased vulnerability of residents requires heightened focus, the research supports the implementation of comprehensive measures. It is crucial not only to identify non-compliance areas but also to implement targeted interventions that enhance food safety practices. This involves thorough training for food handlers, regular monitoring, and the establishment of stringent protocols to minimize the risk of contamination and subsequent foodborne illnesses. The research outcomes contribute valuable insights to the broader discourse on geriatric health, emphasizing the intricate connection between food safety and the well-being of older adults in institutional settings. The prevalence of unsatisfactory enumeration serves as a compelling call to action for institutional administrators, policymakers, and healthcare professionals to collaboratively develop and implement tailored strategies, ensuring the safety of food consumed by the vulnerable elderly population in old age homes.
Keywords: Food safety, food hygiene, kitchen surfaces, microbial quantification, microbial identification.
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Barriers in Off-Grid Solar Installations in Commercial Buildings in India: Perspective of Channel Partners
Meenal Jain1, Meenakshi Mital 2, Matt Syal 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Resource Management and Design Application, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Sikandra Road, New Delhi, India,
2 Professor, Department of Resource Management and Design Application, Lady Irwin College,
University of Delhi, Sikandra Road, New Delhi, India.
3 Professor, Construction Management, School of Planning, Design & Construction,
Michigan State University, USA.
Volume 17, Issue 01, Pg. 41-46, 2024.
Abstract: India, a developing country, has been witnessing exponential growth in the past few years. Such a growth is expected to lead to an increase in energy demand, for which, India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. In light of this situation, it is critical that the nation develops all domestic energy resources. Solar energy is renewable, abundant, and environmentally beneficial; and thus, it offers an alluring answer to the country’s mounting energy problems. India has comprehensive policies to realize the huge potential of solar energy, both at the central and state levels. This paper comprehensively assesses the perspective of channel partners in installation of off-grid solar systems in commercial establishments and brings forth implementation of government initiatives, need for improvements, and the lacunas in availing the incentives. The paper also presents suggestions given by channel partners for better acceptance and implementation of such initiatives. In order to fully utilize solar energy, it is imperative that action be taken to reduce the obstacles, as reported by the channel partners.
Keywords: Channel partners, Government policies, India, Solar energy
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Reimagining Education in Africa: The Transformative Potential of Prompt Engineering
Ronnie Murungu
International Youth Foundation. Zimbabwe.
Volume 17, Issue 01, Pg. 47-62, 2024.
Abstract: In the rapidly evolving landscape of global education, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as a transformative force, promising unprecedented personalization, inclusivity, and efficiency. This paper delves into the potential of prompt engineering, a nuanced facet of AI, in reshaping the educational fabric of Africa—a continent rich in cultural, linguistic, and historical diversity. Through a detailed exploration, this study underscores the significance of prompts that ensure that AI-driven educational content resonates with the lived realities of African students, thereby fostering relevance, engagement, and improved learning outcomes. The research emphasizes the importance of a tripartite collaboration between tech companies, governments, and educational institutions. While tech companies bring technological prowess, governments play the role of enablers, crafting conducive ecosystems for innovation. Educational institutions, deeply rooted in local contexts, ensure that AI tools are pedagogically sound and culturally resonant. This synergy is further accentuated by public-private partnerships, which hold the potential to drive large-scale educational transformations, ensuring that innovations are not just technologically advanced but also contextually relevant. However, the journey is fraught with challenges. From infrastructural deficits to potential biases in AI algorithms, the path to integrating prompt engineering in African education is complex. The paper also underscores the imperative of continuous, context-specific research to navigate these challenges. Such research can offer insights into the efficacy of AI tools, guide refinements, and ensure that decisions are evidence-based. Overly the paper posits that the future of African education, underpinned by prompt engineering, is not just about leveraging AI but reimagining education itself. It’s a vision where every African student has access to education that is globally competitive, locally resonant, and deeply empowering.
Keywords: Africa, Artificial Intelligence, Collaboration, Education, Prompt Engineering, Public-Private Partnerships.
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