OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
Towards Programs Sustainability: Assessment of Institutional Determinants for Effective Community Participation in Development Programs in Tanzania
Daniel Wandera Clief Naku1, Jacob Kihila2, Eluether Mwageni 3
1 Geography Department, St John’s University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
2 Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
3 School of Spatial Planning and Social Sciences, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Volume 16, Issue 02, 11-22, 2023.
Abstract: This paper brings to the fore an assessment of institutional determinants for effective community participation in development programs for the case of Tanzania. It is highly acknowledged in various scholarly literature that there is a strong link between community participation and development programs. In fact, literature shows that community-based development programs that have allowed community members to be fully involved in various programs have been successful when compared to those where community members are seen as spectators.
However, in order for community members to take part in the programs, there are several determining factors, ranging from socio-economic, socio-cultural to institutional based factors.
This study therefore sought to assess institutional determinants with the aim of identifying the major institutional determinants capable of influencing effective community participation in development programs. The study used four programs that were categorized as Locally Funded, Government Funded, Donor Funded and Joint Funded development programs. A combined sample size of 316 participants from all the four programs was employed. Collected data were analyzed through the within-case analysis and the comparative analysis approaches.
Results of the study revealed that program benefits, objectives and leadership were the major institutional determinants for promoting effective community participation in development programs. when compared to methods used in the other three examined programs. Hence, the study concluded by emphasizing on the need to ensure these institutional based factors (program benefits, objectives and leadership) should always be given due attention in any development program.
Keywords: Community, Participation, Development, Programs, Institutional Determinants
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Social media classifications for impactful marketing in Khomas Region, Namibia
1 Simon E. Akpo, 2 Bernadus F. Maseke
1 Research Centre, International University of Management, Windhoek, Namibia.
2 Department of Management, University of Namibia.
Volume 16, Issue 02, Pg. 23-34, 2023.
Abstract: Social media usage and applications are on the upsurge, marketers must synchronise adverting contents, consumer profile and social media applications for impactful advertising. Nevertheless, social media applications proportionally grew in numbers and types giving both marketers and consumers endless options and creating confusion in choice. This study engaged factor analysis to classify social media into three classifications marketers can use to target consumers more impact fully during social media marketing campaigns. Additionally, the study suggested novel practical marketing stratagems for social media marketing practitioners. This study pursued a positivist research philosophy. In particular, an empirical research methodological approach was adopted for this study. The reliability of the scales in the research instrument were tested using Cronbach alpha coefficient to determine the degree of internal consistency between the multiple measurements. To further ensure reliability of the research instrument, a pilot study of the research instrument was tested on a small sample. Systematic random sampling was employed to reach a sample of 230 consumers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to perform regression analysis in validating the research model. Findings revealed three types of social media exist, formal, informal and entertainment social media. Formal social media being the main social media is influence by entertainment social media and informal social media. In addition informal social media platforms are WhatsApp, Tweeter Instagram, Facebook and others. While entertainment social media platforms are YouTube and Snapchat. Future research can focus on product social media type marketing as well as age social media type marketing. Future studies can determine the relationships between age and social media type usage and product and social media type correlations.
Key words: Entertainment social media; Formal social media, impactful marketing, Informal social media, Social Media Types
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Food security interventions to achieve Sustainable Development Goal Two in South Africa
Nonhlanhla Hlengiwe Hlongwane 1 and Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad 2
1 School of Public Management, Governance and Public Policy,
College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
2, School of Public Management, Governance and Public Policy,
College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Volume 16, Issue 02, Pg. 35-46, 2023.
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to investigate how SDG Two is being implemented in South Africa. SDG Two states to “end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture” (SDG Compass 2015:1). SDG 2 is aimed at ensuring that people have access to food that is nutritious and safe all year round, with emphasis on poor communities and children (Fourie 2019:1). The study examines the status of SDG Two in South African context. The guiding question for the study is: “what are the challenges related to SDG Two implementation in South Africa? To find answers, a qualitative desktop analysis with a descriptive research design was used to acquire enough data for the study. The study used literature and document reviews as secondary sources for data collection. The journal articles, internet-based information, research reports, dissertations, theses, government documents, Acts, media reports, and annual reports, were reviewed as secondary sources of information. Data analysis for this study was done using document analysis and conceptual analysis. The literature review has revealed problems with food security initiatives’ policy implementation. It is necessary to investigate the causes and henceforth find solutions to apply these initiatives successfully. There is also a need for transparency amongst state departments to collaborate while executing the implementation plans effectively.
Keywords: Ecology theory, food security, sustainable development goal (SDG), SDG Two, South Africa.
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