OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
Development Policy Impact of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport on The Sustainability of PT. Angkasa Pura II
Seto Makmur Wibowo1, Tri Kunawangsih P 2, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 3
1PT. Angkasa Pura II, Soekarno Hatta International Airport, Tangerang, Indonesia
2,3Universitas Trisakti, Kyai Tapa Street No. 1 Grogol, West Jakarta, Indonesia.
Volume 15, Issue 07, Pg. 11-26, 2022.
Abstract. Air transportation becomes the main popular mode of transportation, special for countries known as islands country. To support air transportation activities, the readiness of the airport should be concerned, especially for its infrastructures, facilities, and services. This study aims to: (i). Analyze and examine the impact of infrastructure development on the financial and business aspect of the company; (ii). Analyze and examine the impact of infrastructure development on the airport service aspect; and (iii). Analyze and assess the impact of infrastructure development on socio-economic aspects. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was used in this study with 6 informants that were divided into 3 (three) categories: Regulator, Operator, and Association. The transcripts of each informant were made and coded through NVivo.The following conclusions were obtained: (i). The development of airport infrastructure has increased the company’s revenue and also the company’s debt; (ii). This development has also improved airport services; and (iii). This development has increased local economic growth and enhanced the company’s image through the award received. This study recommends that the company’s financial capacity be taken into account because of the very large level of capital for the development. So that the company’s business sustainability can be measured and Soekarno Hatta Airport’s obligations as a public service company can be maintained properly.
Keywords: Development Policy, Soekarno Hatta International Airport, Construction, Financial performance, Externalities.
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Towards Sustainable Development with Prototyping to Enhance In-house Development of Information Systems in Developing Countries
Johnson Olumuyiwa Dehinbo
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information & Communications Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Soshanguve, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Volume 15, Issue 07, Pg. 27-46, 2022.
Abstract: Information Systems development have undoubtedly contributed towards development and sustainability in advanced countries and have also transformed the use of computers and related devices in different parts of the world in the last few centuries. It thus deserves attention to bring progress to society, increasing the standard of living with benefits related to quality of life through the development of knowledge, products, and services with the ultimate goal of sustainable development. Notable areas and fields of works in which Information Systems development have undoubtedly contributed towards includes organizational payroll systems, e-commerce, online banking, online bookings of different services, communication systems, e-learning and virtual learning systems etc. Most of these systems are developed in advanced countries and developing countries purchase at exorbitant foreign currency-based prices, the few of them that they even venture to use. However, it has now become well known how countries like India has leapfrogged towards development through progress in Information Systems development such that even advanced countries outsource some of their system development works to India to make use of their massive human talents at lower costs. Without doubt, this would have increased employment rate in India. This should serve a blueprint to many other developing countries that are especially low in financial fundings, plagued with high unemployment but yet buoyant with high human capital. But many developing countries are not seizing such opportunities. We believe actions speaks louder than voice and individual actions can collectively and ultimately bring development and sustainability. This study adopts a qualitative research approach using a systematic literature study of various previous studies that we have done in the past which adopted prototyping research and related methods. More specifically, the multiple methods for the various component studies include literature study, survey, argumentation, prototyping, participatory design and the design science method in the development of various systems we considered necessary to stimulate or leapfrog developing countries into sustainable development. Most of the system development works presented thus serves as prototypes. Argumentations are then often used in reasoning about some aspects of developed prototype systems to justify how those aspects could fulfil certain user objectives. Thus, in essence, the term argument is used to refer to our entire reasoning about some aspects of some Information system, or how those aspects could possibly affect the society positively and how negative implications can be resolved. Few things are apparent in this study. One is that given the low financial situations, proactive actions and decisions need to be taken for developing countries not to be left out of sustainable development. Secondly, developing countries need to adopt both single double-loop learning that promotes “doing things better” perspective as well as double loop learning that promotes “doing things differently” perspective. This will include seriously striving to benefit from the open-source initiatives saving costs and enabling learning through the openness of software programming codes, thus encouraging in-house development of information systems. Thus, we posit that sustainable development in developing countries is possible through progresses enabled by effective development and utilizations of Information systems at individual, organizational and societal level. And critical to this is continuous “learning and doing” leading to entrenched culture of using prototyping to effect “small wins” towards using Information Systems development for competitive advantage towards enabling sustainable development.
Keywords: Competitive advantage, Information systems development, in-house development, prototyping, sustainable development
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Satin, Sequin and Sustainability: An uncloak approach to define IPR
Raunak Kaur 1, Rishika Arora 2
1 Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India.
2 Advocate, Delhi High Court, India.
Volume 15, Issue 07, Pg. 47-54, 2022.
Abstract: “Vasudhaiva Kutumbukam” means the world is one family. Indian history is enriched with principles that support sustainability and social welfare. In a world filled with maximizing the profitability mindset, the concept of sustainability is an ongoing debate that needs new and innovative ideas for a better and sustainable world. The conflicting philosophies have directed us towards reasonable exhaustion of resources while at the same time there is a need to protect the environment.[1] According to the Fair Fashion Center back in 2016, 150 million lives are touched by the global apparel industry daily. This is where it becomes essential to regulate fashion in terms of sustainability in a broader, more attentive and sensitive approach. Sustainability is as subjective as ethics. It has a different meaning for each individual based on the cost they pay towards it. This is where the disparity arises between the contributions of a buyer and seller. The need for legislative protection emerges out of this need to protect the creative intent of an artist against the need for sustainable fashion. Without a specific definition or a legal meaning, sustainability is spreading through the globe in a scattered grass approach. It is thus the time and need to systematize sustainability and bring reformative laws in the fashion industry.[2]
Though individual effort counts, a larger step towards sustainability is necessary to regulate the industry because it is unrealistic to expect consumer awareness and private social response to lead the movement. In a situation of low intellectual right protection, piracy increases and further reduces the market value of the original design. There is a surplus of the design in the market which makes it common and people start demanding new and quick fashion. As a result, the designers lose the value to their creativity in fast fashion. European Union has limited its fast fashion by creating a strong protection base for designers. It protects registered as well as unregistered designs as a whole. This has resulted in a cut back of piracy and in turn, reduced the exploitive unsustainable production. The biggest fashion market in the world, the United States, lacks in this area and fails to provide such protection to its designers. In an environment of legal prohibition and imposition of fines for infringement of Intellectual property rights, the decline in the excessive unsustainable fashion can be predicted. The indicated domino effect of Intellectual property rights is directed upon the global sustainability of fashion industry.
Sustainable fashion can be achieved through various modes like trade-in, zero waste collection, science-based targets, second-hand market, vintage clothing and upcycling. Upcycling is gaining popularity amongst the masses due to its environment and fashion-friendly approach. Since consumers are attracted to fast fashion, upcycling delivers the same in a sustainable manner. The designers and consumers are starting to realize that everything can be creatively updated. Before COVID-19, upcycling was limited to small fashion brands that were ethically conscious. Due to
supply chain difficulties during the pandemic, large fashion houses also turned to upcycle while using the material that was already available to them. The transformation of traditional vintage designs into updated fashion pieces cuts back on the wastage of material along with curtailing the need to buy new fashion pieces.3
One loophole that the legal intervention in fashion sustainability brings out is the infringement of rights of designers who creatively produce new designs. The selling of upcycled version of IPR protected designs creates a legal hassle for infringement. The designers having trademark protection sue for meddling with their original designs and selling under their trademark. This is where the doctrine of first sale protects the sellers. Since the designers lose their ownership and IP rights once the first sale is made, they cannot interfere in the further right of the consumer. However, selling upcycled fashion items hurdles with trademark rights and this has led to various legal actions taken by big fashion houses to protect their brand. Even though the first sale doctrine does not apply to pirated fashion pieces, it is upon the interpretation of the courts to consider original upcycled fashion pieces as an infringement of IP owners’ rights.
Thus, the legal regulation of Intellectual property rights is necessary in order to regulate such issues arising from transformation towards sustainability. The legislation should provide strong protection to the designer while striking a balance with the much-needed environment-friendly fashion. With the courts also broadening their interpretations, the key is to encourage creativity while maintaining sustainability.
Keywords: Fashion, First Sale Doctrine, Intellectual Property, Sustainability, Upcycling
[1] http://www.swamiagnivesh.com/images/publicationpdf/1475922448.pdf visited on 4th Nov, 2022
[2] https://hbr.org/2022/01/the-myth-of-sustainable-fashion visited on 4th Nov, 2022
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