OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development
Open-access peer-reviewed journal
https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd190402
Factors that play role for child abuse to thrive during the 21st century in South Africa and elsewhere
Afika Fikiswa Magadla-Mateyise 1, Enoch Zenzile 2*
1 Walter Sisulu University, South Africa.
2 Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.
*Corresponding author email: zenzilee@tut.ac.za
Volume 19, Issue 04, Pg. 19-28, 2026.
Abstract: This discussion paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous factors that influence children’s health, development, and safety. The arguments presented are directed towards vulnerable populations predominantly located in rural settings in the country. This study includes orphaned children and those exposed to psychologically distressing and traumatic situations. These unbearable circumstances manifest at home, in schools, throughout the criminal justice system, and elsewhere in the community. To delineate this phenomenon, the qualitative research paper is organised into two sections. The first section synthesises recent research on physical and mental health indicators among children in the South African population. The second section examines the complex impacts of childhood trauma, particularly focusing on child sexual abuse and the vulnerabilities of orphaned children in South Africa. The findings reveal severe consequences of abuse, including trauma, mental health issues, and developmental disturbances, alongside existing legal protections and ongoing challenges. The situation is further exacerbated by increased anxiety, depression, and behavioural issues among children and adolescents. This paper advocates for community-based prevention strategies and support for dysfunctional families. Furthermore, it calls for longitudinal research to enhance understanding of resilience and recovery. Additionally, special attention must be paid to children who live in kinship care, where poverty, caregiver stress, and social isolation heighten the risk of sexual abuse.
Keywords: children’s health; orphaned children; childhood trauma; sexual abuse; mental health
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